Abstract
Airspace complexity is a critical metric in current Air Traffic Management systems for indicating the security degree of airspace operations. Airspace complexity can be affected by many coupling factors in a complicated and nonlinear way, making it extremely difficult to be evaluated. In recent years, machine learning has been proved as a promising approach and achieved significant results in evaluating airspace complexity. However, existing machine learning based approaches require a large number of airspace operational data labeled by experts. Due to the high cost in labeling the operational data and the dynamical nature of the airspace operating environment, such data are often limited and may not be suitable for the changing airspace situation. In light of these, we propose a novel unsupervised learning approach for airspace complexity evaluation based on a deep neural network trained by unlabeled samples. We introduce a new loss function to better address the characteristics pertaining to airspace complexity data, including dimension coupling, category imbalance, and overlapped boundaries. Due to these characteristics, the generalization ability of existing unsupervised models is adversely impacted. The proposed approach is validated through extensive experiments based on the real-world data of six sectors in Southwestern China airspace. Experimental results show that our deep unsupervised model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of airspace complexity evaluation accuracy.
摘要
airspace复杂性是当前空中交通管理系统中用于指示 airspace运行安全程度的一个关键指标。 airspace复杂性可以通过许多耦合因素以复杂且非线性的方式受到影响,使得其评估变得极其困难。近年来,机器学习已被证明是一种有前途的方法,并在评估 airspace复杂性方面取得了显著成果。然而,现有的基于机器学习的方法需要大量由专家标注的 airspace运行数据。由于标注运行数据的高成本以及 airspace运行环境的动态特性,这些数据往往有限,并且可能不适合不断变化的 airspace情况。鉴于此,我们提出了一种基于深度神经网络的无监督学习方法,该网络通过无标签样本进行训练,用于评估空域复杂性。我们引入了一种新的损失函数,以更好地解决与空域复杂性数据相关的特征,包括维度耦合、类别不平衡和重叠边界。由于这些特征,现有无监督模型的泛化能力受到不利影响。通过基于中国西南部空域六个扇区的实际情况进行的广泛实验,验证了所提出的方法。实验结果表明,我们的深度无监督模型在空域复杂性评估准确性方面优于最先进的方法。我们引入了一种新的损失函数,以更好地解决与 airspace复杂性数据相关的特征,包括维度耦合、类别不均衡和重叠边界。由于这些特征,现有无监督模型的泛化能力受到不利影响。所提出的方法通过基于中国西南部 airspace六个扇区的现实数据进行的广泛实验得到验证。实验结果表明,我们的深度无监督模型在 airspace复杂性评估准确性方面优于最先进的方法。我们引入了一种新的损失函数,以更好地解决与 airspace复杂性数据相关的特征,包括维度耦合、类别不均衡和重叠边界。由于这些特征,现有无监督模型的泛化能力受到不利影响。通过基于中国西南部 airspace六个扇区的实际情况进行广泛实验,验证了所提出的方法。实验结果表明,我们的深度无监督模型在 airspace复杂性评估准确性方面优于最先进的方法。所提出的方法通过基于中国西南空中交通六 sectors的现实数据的大量实验得到了验证。实验结果表明,我们的深度无监督模型在空中交通复杂性评估准确性方面优于现有方法。所提出的方法通过基于中国西南空中交通六 sectors的现实数据的大量实验得到了验证。实验结果表明,我们的深度无监督模型在空中交通复杂性评估准确性方面优于最先进的方法。